I don’t quite understand America’s persistent infatuation
with most everything Nordic (i.e. Scandinavia plus Iceland and Finland). Things
had just returned to a relative calm after a couple of years when you couldn't
open a newspaper or turn on your TV without facing Stieg Larsson’s ghost when
the editors of the New York Times Sunday Magazine decided to ask Karl Ove Knausgaard,
the great Norwegian explorer of the mundane, to spend ten days in search of
real and imaginary Viking landmarks and Scandinavian descendants.
Knausgaard began his journey in
L’Anse aux Meadows in
northern Newfoundland in Canada, the desolate piece of land where a group of
Vikings landed about 1,000 years ago. It was cold, a storm was approaching, but
a friendly newfie, husband of the receptionist, took Knausgaard to the historic
site, which he however found underwhelming, quite contrary to the locals he saw
at Jungle Jim’s restaurant in St. Anthony (pop. 2,418).
“Everyone in the place, except the waiter, was fat, some of
them so fat that I kept having to look at them.“
The
first half of Knausgaard’s 21,000-word essay gives us a close up (CSI style) retelling of the author’s general incompetence
at handling life’s little things:
“I use top-up cards because no Swedish phone company will
let me open an account, I have too many late payments on my credit report. Nor
will any bank lend me money to buy a house or a car. I have to pay everything
in cash.”
If you are planning a road trip in North America, actually,
in any country, it helps to have a driver’s license. He did not, as he
confesses in the opening paragraph of his personal saga.
“I lost my driver’s license over a year ago. I lose stuff
all the time. Credit cards, passports, car keys, cash, books, bags, laptops. It
doesn't worry me, they usually turn up eventually.”
Not only did he not have the license, he never applied for a
new one, and he left for America without it. Once in St. Anthony, it hit him
that he had a problem:
“I lay back in bed and stared at the ceiling. I should email
The Times and explain the situation. Maybe they had a solution. But I couldn't.
I just couldn't bring myself to tell them that I’d undertaken this great
road-trip assignment across the U.S. without my license. They’d think I was a
complete idiot.”
But maybe he was too hard on himself.
“These things happen often; in my experience they always
turn out fine. There is a saying in Norway that he who loses money shall
receive money, and I think that’s true, because when you lose things, it means
you’re not on your guard, you’re not trying to control everything, you’re not
being so anal all the time — and if you aren't, but allow yourself to be open
to the world instead, then anything at all might come to you.”
Say what you want about our author, his flow is hard to stop
once it gets going.
“When I came back in, I went to the toilet. I hadn't gone
since I arrived in America, so the result was significant. I wiped myself
thoroughly, then flushed.”
But this particular toilet was not ready for such a
significant download, and initiated an upload of its own, leading to a long
hand–to–bowl battle that the author relates blow-by-blow.
That was a low point for our hero, and things could only get
better from then on. He found his way to Cleveland in the United States, where
he met his assigned photographer, who offered to do the driving. That was a
nice gesture, but Knausgaard was concerned about something else.
“I didn't really enjoy talking to people that much, at least
not to strangers, and the thought of spending the next five days in a car with
someone I didn't know was a bit unsettling.”
He overcame his hesitation and the pair set out westwards,
smoking a lot, staying in dingy hotels and eating among the locals.
“So what’s your plan?” he asked.
“I don’t really have a plan,” I said. “Drive up toward
Minnesota, that’s all. And then maybe rent a car myself tomorrow or the day
after. If you don’t mind, that is.”
“No problem.”
“I’m a little shy,” I said. “I don’t usually talk very much.
Just so you know what’s in store for you.”
“I don’t think you’re that untalkative,” he said. “But it’s
fine with me. I can talk, and I can be quiet.”
We ate on in silence, he checked something out on his
cellphone. Then he looked up at me.
“So your idea is to drive across America and write about it
without talking to a single American?”
“Yes,” I said.
“That’ll be a challenge,” he said.
“I know,” I said.
Having been driven through Detroit, a city that imploded
after the near-death of the U.S. auto industry, Knausgaard compares it to “the
slums outside Maputo, in Mozambique.”
But Detroit was worse.
“If what I had seen tonight — house after house after house
abandoned, deserted, decaying as if there had been disaster — if this was
poverty, then it must be a new kind poverty, maybe in the same way that the
wealth that had amassed here in the 20th century had been a new kind of
wealth.”
This sounds profound, until you reread it and realize that
it is an pompous setup for a reflection on contemporary America.
“I had never really understood how a nation that so
celebrated the individual could obliterate all differences the way this country
did. In a system of mass production, the individual workers are replaceable and
the products are identical. The identical cars are followed by identical gas
stations, identical restaurants, identical motels and, as an extension of
these, by identical TV screens, which hang everywhere in this country,
broadcasting identical entertainment and identical dreams. Not even the Soviet
Union at the height of its power had succeeded in creating such a unified,
collective identity as the one Americans lived their lives within. When times
got rough, a person could abandon one town in favor of another, and that new
town would still represent the same thing.”
Almost exactly the same thought returns a few pages later in
the article.
"Nowhere in the world has shared culture been a more
imperative requirement than in America. More than 300 million people live here,
and they had descended over the course of a very few generations from a huge
number of disparate cultures, with different histories, ways of behavior,
worldviews and experiential backgrounds. All of them, sooner or later, had been
required to relinquish their old culture and enter the new one. That must be
why the most striking thing about the United States was its sameness, that
every place had the same hotels, the same restaurants, the same stores. And
that must be why every American movie was made after the same template and why,
in this sense, every movie expressed the same thing. And that must be why all
these TVs were hanging on the walls, unwatched; they created an immediate sense
of belonging, a feeling of home."
Albeit his editor at the
Sunday Magazine suggested that he
write as “a tongue-in-cheek
Tocqueville,” this is more like a warmed over New
Left critique of late capitalist alienation. It’s an as stale as stereotypical
view of America, which it would be hard to maintain unless you like Knausgaard
make it your business not to talk to people. (And I bet he never listened to
“
The Prairie Home Companion.”)
It is true that most products in the United States are
standardized, but this is certainly true for most products in most countries,
and I’m quite sure that cars in Norway looks pretty much the same and so does
its gas stations, TV screens and hotel rooms. And if a worker leaves his job or
is fired, he or she can be replaced there too.
What is confusing to many foreign observers of America is
that you have such a blend of people, and that they still basically get along
with each other, smile when meeting strangers, and say “Hello, how are you?”
Something the Swedish anthropologist
Åke Daun explained decades ago in his book "
Swedish Mentality." But for Knausgaard,
it seems unfathomable that you can have a shared shallow culture that makes it
easy to fit in and get along, at the same time as you have a subculture with
deeper roots that you share within your ethnic group and your family. (What
most foreigners see as America’s superficial culture is actually
a cultural
user interface that by necessity must be shallow.)
The fact that he thinks American’s form a “unified,
collective identity” that “not even the Soviet Union at the height of its power
had succeeded in creating” leaves me dumbfounded. And his claim that people in
America have been “required to relinquish their old culture and enter the new
one” reveals an ignorance and lack of perception that is amazing.
The only occasions when Knausgaard allows himself to venture
outside his safety zone is when he reflects on books he read, music he likes
and people (preferably Norwegians) that he can trust and empathize with. He
tells about his mother’s uncle Magnus who migrated to America but left his
heart back in the Old Country.
“When I saw Bergen and Bygstad, Flatråker, etc., I felt such
a powerful longing that I could not hold my tears back,” Magnus wrote home from
Grafton, N. D. back in 1928.
The second part of Knausgaard’s "
My Saga" had the subtitle
"On the Road in the American interior" and ran on March 15, but a better
choice would have been: “A meandering exploration of the author’s
interior.”
In it we learn that it is cold in Minnesota in January, that
the author doesn't know how to drive an automatic, but is reluctant to reveal
his incompetence by asking for instructions, that Target stores are big (“at
least 50 feet high”) and that they probably would not have been there if
Columbus like the Vikings had left the continent alone and just returned home.
“It’s inconceivable” he writes, only to conceive it a few
paragraphs down. “Leaving America and yet keeping it under watch would have
turned the continent into a kind of vast human nature reserve, the people there
following their own path of development, without knowing they were under
observation.”
The road trip continues and we are treated to half a page
about the challenges of smoking in a rental car when it is so cold that you
freeze if you keep the windows open. Knausgaard loses a burning cigarette butt
and can’t figure out how to push the button so that the seat moves back and
reveals the cigarette.
"When we continued north, I felt depressed. What Peter
had said, about the burning cigarette being the most exciting thing to happen
so far on our trip, was actually true. If this had been just any old trip, it
wouldn't have mattered. But I was supposed to write something about this trip,
and not only that, I was supposed to use this trip to grasp something essential
about the U.S., perceive something with my foreign gaze that Americans couldn't
see for themselves. Instead, I saw nothing. I experienced nothing."
Back on the road, the
pair pulls over somewhere to take a look at a big Jesus statue, which makes our
foot-in-the-mouth Tocqueville ponder on religion in America.
"The statue of Jesus was obviously not the work of a
modern caricaturist or intellectual, toying with the fundamentally childish
nature of faith. It had been made, I assumed, in a sincere attempt to represent
what is finest and most important in the world. Over the course of the past two
days, I had seen many images of Jesus, all of them cartoonish stereotypes, yet
they must have been genuine expressions of something many people considered
deeply significant.”
Once again, the Americans come up short in comparison with
Russia.
“The contrast with, say, Russia, was striking: Had I been
driving there, I would have come across a very different caliber of
representations of Christ, given the nation’s many monasteries, churches and
thousand-year-old tradition of icon painting. Throw Dostoyevsky into the
bargain, and Russian Orthodox Christianity becomes something you could spend
your entire life studying, because it seems so close — with its notions of
guilt, grace and redemption — to the enigma of existence itself, touching the
core of what it is to be human.
How do you compare that to a billboard with a line drawing
of a good-natured, bearded man and a phone number to dial for salvation?”
So the American Jesus expresses “the fundamentally childish
nature of faith,” while “you could spend your entire life studying” Russian
religion. But wait, there is more, as they say in TV commercials.
“I gloated a little over that thought as we drove north
through the empty, darkening woods, until it struck me how wrong I was. The
depth of American religion lay not in visual art, not in representation but,
obviously, in music. I had some gospel records at home; some of the recordings
were from the 1920s, and their raw force, their fervor, heartfelt and ecstatic
at the same time, was like a fire, brutal yet beautiful, no less exquisite than
a Russian Orthodox icon."
Thank God for Gospel music! Without it, America wouldn't
have a chance to touch the core of what it is to be human.
This far in, I have all but given up any hope of finding
America in this saga, which is about Karl Ove Knausgaard, a rather sad and lonely
fellow in need of the talking cure. An evening at Izzy’s BBQ Lounge and Grill
in Duluth, Minnesota, provides an opportunity to try just that.
"When I woke up the next morning, I had an anxiety
attack. I lay there for a long time, staring out at the empty room. The last
thing I could remember was that I had gotten into an elevator. I had no
recollection of seeing the room before. Everything was terrible, everything was
diseased and I was a ridiculous, laughable character. Oh, God, what an idiot I
was.
I had talked.
To total strangers, I had babbled away. With no dignity
whatsoever, happy and enthusiastic over every little thing. I had given
compliments! My eyes had filled up with tears at my own human warmth and
goodness.
Oh, Jesus, was I an idiot."
Knausgaard did also get a chance to visit an American home
and talk soberly to an actual American, since he – prodded by the photographer
– located Mark Hatloy, a second cousin living near Grafton, North Dakota. They
met and the author was suddenly at ease.
"It felt odd, getting so close to a man whom I had met
for the first time a few hours ago, who was so American in everything he said
and did. And yet somehow I felt as if I knew him. Why the feeling of intimacy?
Because our grandfathers were brothers?"
Knausgaard hates to be among strangers. It’s understandable,
but the contrast to Bob Dylan, who he admires couldn't be any bigger:
“…there was nothing about Bob Dylan to remind one of a
statue, nothing about his music or his role had become rigid or clearly defined,
no final form enclosed him. In fact, it was as if he weren't really a person at
all, but had somehow dissolved into his music. His old songs were constantly in
motion, and the new songs emerged from the same stream. As he traveled around,
permanently on tour, you couldn’t tell what came from him and what belonged to
the American song tradition; he was just playing the music.”
“All writers, artists and musicians know the feeling: when
you disappear into what you are doing, lose yourself in it and are no longer
aware that you exist, while at the same time the feeling of existing is
profound and total and what you make is never better. Work created in this
state really shouldn't be published in the artist’s name, because it has been
created precisely by the artist’s nonpersonal, nonindividual, selfless side.
Bob Dylan is the master of the selfless self, the king of the not-one’s-one, a
deeply paradoxical figure who lived and breathed the music of this deeply
paradoxical country.”
Which makes me wonder if Bob Dylan would have written
anything like "
My Struggle" or
“My Saga”? Would his story be about him, and him
alone?
The final stop on his journey was Alexandria, Minnesota,
(pop. 11,070), which sports
Big Ole, a
25 feet tall Viking statue built for the World’s Fair in New York 1964, but is
more known for the
Kensington Runestone, which
Olof Olsson Ohman, a Swedish
immigrant, claimed to have discovered in a field back in 1898.
The inscription on the controversial stone goes:
“Eight Goths and twenty-two Norwegians upon a journey of
discovery from Vinland westward. We had a camp by two skerries one day’s
journey north of this stone. We were out fishing one day. When we returned home
we found ten men red with blood and dead.
Ave Virgo Maria, save us from evil. Have ten men by the sea
to look after our vessel, fourteen days’ journey from this island. Year 1362.”
Here he is facing a rather typical piece of American fakery,
created by immigrants eager to make a mark and extend their roots, and he finds
nothing childish in this. In fact, he draws a line to a literary God, Vladimir
Nabokov:
"I loved it not only because I had finally seen something
in the United States that Humbert and Lolita could have seen — a fabulous entry
for Nabokov’s catalog of American monuments, wonders and reconstructions — but
also because it struck me that the image of reality that this particular
reconstruction presented was, in a curious way, absolutely true.
It was liberating to see how small and insignificant each
separate part of this history was, compared with our notions about its
grandness. It felt liberating, because that is what the world is really like,
full of insignificant trifles that we use to blunder on as best we can, one by
one, whether we happen to be 19th-century immigrants building a log cabin in
some forest glade, cold and miserable, longing to sit motionless for a few
hours in front of the fire; or a local museum director in a Norwegian
children’s sweater; or a crafty Swede, carving runes into a stone and burying
it in a field in an attempt to change world history. Or for that matter, an
inept Norwegian writer who has spent 10 days on assignment in the U.S. without
discovering anything, apart from this."
That is his excuse for having wasted ten days, 21,000
words and too much of our time.
